Pedagogy is the art or science of being a teacher. This is the modern interpretation. The word comes from the ancient Greek paidagogos, the slave who supervised the education of slave children in the trade into which they were directed. Children who lived under the supervision of Paidagogos were always slaves as no free person took orders from a slave. It was the Paidagogos job to act as a "Drill Sergeant", and ensure that the slaves performed their daily routines as expected by their Master. The word "paidia" (παιδιά) refers to children (rather than the Latin pes meaning a foot), which is why some like to make the distinction between pedagogy (teaching children) and andragogy (teaching adults). The Latin-derived word for pedagogy, education, is much more widely used, and often the two are used interchangeably.

Pedagogy is also sometimes referred to as the correct use of teaching strategies. For example, Brazilian Paulo Freire, one of the most influential educators of the 20th century, referred to his method of teaching adults as "critical pedagogy". In correlation with those teaching strategies the instructor's own philosophical beliefs of teaching are harbored and governed by the pupil's background knowledge and experiences, personal situations and environment as well as learning goals set by the student as well as the teacher.

An academic degree, Ped.D., Doctor of Pedagogy, is awarded honorarily by some American universities to distinguished educators (in the US and UK earned degrees within the education field are classified as an Ed.D., Doctor of Education or a Ph.D. Doctor of Philosophy). The term is also used to denote an emphasis in education as a speciality in a field (for instance, a Doctor of Music degree "in piano pedagogy").

Active Learning: Active learning, as the name suggests, is a process whereby learners are actively engaged in the learning process.

Anti-bias Curriculum: The anti-bias curriculum, in education, is an active/activist approach that proponents claim challenges forms of prejudice such as racism, sexism, ableism/disablism, ageism, homophobia, and other –isms.

Assertive Discipline: Assertive discipline is an approach to classroom managagement developed by Lee and Marlene Canter.

Audiovisual Education: Audiovisual education is instruction where particular attention is paid to the audio and visual presentation of the material with the goal of improving comprehension and retention.

Bias in Education: Bias in education can refer to real or perceived bias in the educational system.

Communicative Language Teaching: Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is an approach to the teaching of second and foreign languages that emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language.

Computer Based Learning: Computer Based Learning, sometimes abbreviated CBL, refers to the use of computers as a key component of the educational environment.

Cooperative Education: Cooperative education is a structured method of combining academic education with practical work experience.

Decodable Text: Decodable text is a term used to describe a particular method of reading instruction.

Edutainment: Edutainment is a form of entertainment designed to educate as well as to amuse.

Individualized Instruction: Individualized instruction is a method of instruction in which content, instructional materials, instructional media, and pace of learning are based upon the abilities and interests of each individual learner.

Inquiry-based Instruction: Inquiry-based instruction is a teaching technique in which teachers create situations in which students are to solve problems.

Institutional Pedagogy: Institutional Pedagogy is a constant calling into question of the institutional context itself.

Instructional Design Coordinator: An Instructional Design Coordinator is a person who is responsible for overseeing the implementation of instructional design techniques, usually in an academic setting or in corporate training.

Interdisciplinarity: Interdisciplinarity is the act of drawing from two or more academic disciplines and integrating their insights to work together in pursuit of a common goal.

Jigsaw Classroom: The Jigsaw Classroom experiment, was conducted by Elliot Aronson in 1971, compared traditional competitive classroom learning with interdependent cooperative learning.

Kinesthetic Learning: Kinesthetic learning is a teaching and learning style in which learning takes place by the student actually carrying out a physical activity, rather than listening to a lecture or merely watching a demonstration.

Latchkey Kid: Latchkey kid refers to a child that returns from school to an empty home because their parents are away at work, or a child that is often left at home with little or no parental supervision.

Learning by Teaching: Learning by teaching designates a method which centers on student voice, allowing pupils and students to prepare and teach lessons or parts of lessons.

Lesson Plan: A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction for an individual lesson.

Loop (education): Looping is a process used in education which the class has the same teacher in two consecutive years.

Photovoice: Photovoice is a methodology mostly used in the field of education which combines photography with grassroots social action.

Process Drama: Method of teaching and learning where both the students and teacher are working in and out of role.

Senior Project: Educational program designed to challenge high school seniors in the United States.

Service-Learning: Service learning is a method of teaching, learning and reflecting that combines academic classroom curriculum with meaningful service, frequently youth service, throughout the community.

Student-Centered Learning: Student-centered learning or student-centered learning is an approach to education focusing on the needs of the students, rather than those of others involved in the educational process, such as teachers and administrators.

Suzuki Method: The Suzuki method is a way of teaching, or educational philosophy which strives to create "high ability" and beautiful character in its students through a nurturing environment.

Taking Children Seriously: Taking Children Seriously is a worldwide parenting movement and educational philosophy based upon the idea that it is possible and desirable to raise and educate children without either doing anything to them against their will, or making them do anything against their will.

Tobin Method: The Tobin Method is an effective method of teaching music literacy both in the classroom, and to individuals.

Universal Design for Learning: Universal Design for Learning is a theory of learning and teaching based on neuroanatomy and functional neuroimaging research techniques.

Unschooling: Form of education in which learning is based on the student's interests, needs, and goals

Writing Process: "Writing process" is a pedagogical term from the 1990's to describe the life cycle of written works in a way that encourages composition students to see writing as an ongoing process from conception to birth.