Education quality has recently received a lot of attention in Kenya. The government's main document in this effort, the Kenya Education Sector Support Programme for 2005-2010, established the National Assessment Centre (NAC) to monitor learning achievement. In 2010, the NAC released the results of its first assessment.
In 2009, in collaboration with the NAC, Uwezo Kenya conducted an assessment of the basic literacy and numeracy skills of children ages 6-16. The Annual Learning Assessment (ALA) reached villages in 70 out of 158 districts in Kenya and assessed nearly 70,000 children in their homes. The ALA was set at a Standard 2 level, which is the level where students are supposed to achieve basic competency in reading English and Kiswahili and complete simple arithmetic problems. The chart below shows the percent of children who could not read a Standard 2 level paragraph or solve Standard 2 level subtraction problems:
| Standard 2 | 85% | 79% | |
| Standard 5 | 27% | 23% | 30% |
| Standard 8 | 4% | 4% | 10% |
Key findings about education in Kenya, based on the results of the Uwezo 2009 assessment:
Literacy levels are low, and are substantially lower in certain regions. Girls tend to perform better in reading English and Kiswahili, while boys tend to perform better in math.
Literacy levels are lower in public schools than private schools.
Most children can solve real world, "ethno-mathematics" problems, while fewer can solve similar math problems in an abstract, pencil and paper format.
5% of children are not enrolled in school, but the problem is far worse in particular regions.
About half of children are enrolled in pre-school.
Many children are older than expected for their class level, including 40% of children in class 2, and 60% of children in class 7.
North Eastern Province and arid districts in Rift Valley and Eastern Provinces have particularly low performance; and many older children, especially girls, are not attending school.
Many families pay for extra tuition, which focuses heavily on drilling and exam preparation.
Schools struggle to plan their budgets because they receive funds at unpredictable times.
Children whose mothers are educated, particularly beyond primary school, tend to have much higher rates of literacy and numeracy.
About 15% of students are absent on a given day, with much higher absenteeism in certain districts as a result of increased poverty level.
There is a severe shortage of teachers, estimated at 4 teachers per school.
the reluctance of the government to invest in educational institutions in marginalised areas thereby developing schools in cities only which result in inefficient education process in arid and semi-arid areas
embezzlement of public funds by school administrators and lack of accountability of the use of government grants and high levels of corruption in educational institutions