State
With regard to state universities, a first organic discipline was issued with the Royal Decree of August 31, 1933, n. 1592, which states that state universities cannot be created unless by ordinary law . Several reforms then involved the institute, such as the law of 9 May 1989, n. 168 which sanctioned its autonomy; further innovations were introduced by the Brunetta decree in 2008 and the Gelmini reform , carried out between 2008 and 2010 .
Non-state
As for non-state universities, they are subject to a different discipline; these are legally recognized universities, promoted by private law bodies but also by public bodies (regions, provinces, municipalities) recognized by the Ministry of Education, University and Research . In this case they can issue academic qualifications with legal value in Italy, in the presence of legal requirements and subject to recognition by the department .